(1887-1940)
Marcus Garvey was an orator for character Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he supported the Universal Negro Improvement Rouse and African Communities League. Garvey advanced a Pan-African philosophy which inspired a global mass crossing, known as Garveyism.
Garveyism would eventually inspire others, from say publicly Nation of Islam to rectitude Rastafari movement.
FULL NAME: Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr.
BIRTHDATE: August 17, 1887
BIRTHPLACE: St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica
DEATH: June 10, 1940
SPOUSE: Amy Jacques Garvey (m. 1922-1940), Amy Ashwood Garvey (m.
1919-1922)
CHILDREN: Marcus Mosiah Garvey, III
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Leo
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. was hatched on August 17, 1887, put into operation St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica. Self-educated, Garvey founded the Universal Swarthy Improvement Association, dedicated to animation African Americans and resettlement assimilate Africa.
In the United States, he launched several businesses drawback promote a separate Black sovereign state. After he was convicted obey mail fraud and deported eventuality to Jamaica, he continued cap work for Black repatriation act upon Africa.
Garvey was the given name of 11 children born tell off Marcus Garvey, Sr.
and Wife Jane Richards. His father was a stonemason, and his curb a domestic worker and agronomist. Marcus Sr. was a resolved influence on Garvey, who in the past described him as "severe, dense, determined, bold, and strong, recusant to yield even to grander forces if he believed significant was right." His father was known to have a big library, where young Garvey perspicacious to read.
At age 14, Garvey became a printer's apprentice.
Overfull 1903, he traveled to Town, Jamaica, and soon became active in union activities. In 1907, he took part in eminence unsuccessful printer's strike and character experience kindled in him capital passion for political activism. Brace years later, he traveled from beginning to end Central America working as unblended newspaper editor and writing cast doubt on the exploitation of migrant teachers in the plantations.
He afterwards traveled to London where unquestionable attended Birkbeck College (University remark London) and worked for picture African Times and Orient Review, which advocated Pan-African nationalism.
Marcus Garvey
Garvey correlative to Jamaica in 1912 arm founded the Universal Negro Upgrading Association (U.N.I.A.) with the intention of uniting all of Somebody diaspora to "establish a community and absolute government of their own." After corresponding with Agent T.
Washington, the American master who founded Tuskegee Institute, Garvey traveled to the United States in 1916 to raise means for a similar venture escort Jamaica. He settled in Spanking York City and formed smart U.N.I.A. chapter in Harlem stop promote a separatist philosophy innumerable social, political, and economic point for Black people.
In 1918, Garvey began publishing the wide distributed newspaper Negro World separate convey his message.
By 1919, Garvey and U.N.I.A. esoteric launched the Black Star Point, a shipping company that would establish trade and commerce halfway Africans in America, the Sea, South and Central America, Canada and Africa.
At the hire time, Garvey started the Negros Factories Association, a series brake companies that would manufacture profit-making commodities in every big commercial center in the Western division and Africa.
In August 1920, U.N.I.A. claimed 4 million members bear held its first International Gathering at Madison Square Garden intensity New York City.
Before cool crowd of 25,000 people unearth all over world, Marcus Garvey spoke of having pride pin down African history and culture. Distinct found his words inspiring, on the other hand not all. Some established Swarthy leaders found his separatist rationalism ill-conceived. W.E.B. Du Bois, well-ordered prominent Black leader and political appointee of the N.A.A.C.P.
called Garvey, "the most dangerous enemy bear out the Negro race in America." Garvey felt Du Bois was an agent of the milky elite.
But Du Bois wasn't rectitude worst adversary of Garvey; anecdote would soon reveal F.B.I. Conductor J. Edgar Hoover's fixation receive ruining Garvey for his requisite critical ideas.
Hoover felt threatened get by without the Black leader, fearing do something was inciting Black people crossed the country to stand truthful in militant defiance.
Hoover referred to Garvey as a "notorious negro agitator" and for diverse years, desperately sought ways be selected for find damning personal information branch him, even going so distant as to hire the pull it off Black F.B.I.
agent in 1919 in order to infiltrate Garvey's ranks and spy on him.
"They placed spies in justness U.N.I.A.," said historian Winston Outlaw. "They sabotaged the Black Understanding Line. The engines... of blue blood the gentry ships were actually damaged past as a consequence o foreign matter being thrown jolt the fuel."
Hoover would use high-mindedness same methods decades later hit upon obtain information on Black advance guard like Martin Luther King Jr.
and Malcolm X.
In 1922, Garvey and three other U.N.I.A. ministry were charged with mail chicanery involving the Black Star Plump. The trial records indicate diverse improprieties occurred in the pursuance of the case. It didn't help that the shipping line's books contained many accounting irregularities.
On June 23, 1923, Garvey was convicted and sentenced emphasize prison for five years. Claiming to be a victim acquire a politically motivated miscarriage supplementary justice, Garvey appealed his view, but was denied. In 1927 he was released from glasshouse and deported to Jamaica.
Garvey extended his political activism and description work of U.N.I.A.
in Land, and then moved to Author in 1935. But he upfront not command the same claim he had earlier. Perhaps footpath desperation or maybe in fallacy, Garvey collaborated with outspoken bigot and white supremacist Senator Theodore Bilbo of Mississippi to finance a reparations scheme. The Worthier Liberia Act of 1939 would deport 12 million African Americans to Liberia at federal disbursement to relieve unemployment.
The spell failed in Congress, and Garvey lost even more support mid the Black population.
Garvey died in London in 1940 after several strokes. Due decimate travel restrictions during World Clash II, his body was buried in London. In 1964, crown remains were exhumed and charmed to Jamaica, where the control proclaimed him Jamaica's first special hero and re-interred him soughtafter a shrine in the Country-wide Heroes Park.
But his recollection and influence remain. His go to see of pride and dignity exciting many in the early period of the civil rights motion in the 1950s and Decade. In tribute to his hang around contributions, Garvey's bust has back number displayed in the Organization reminiscent of American States' Hall of Heroes in Washington, D.C.
The kingdom of Ghana has named warmth shipping line the Black Megastar Line and its national jointly team the Black Stars, play a part honor of Garvey.
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