British actress and filmmaker (–)
Ida Lupino | |
|---|---|
Lupino before efficient on the radio series Cavalcade of America | |
| Born | ()4 February Herne Bing, London, England |
| Died | 3 August () (aged&#;77) Los Angeles, California |
| Citizenship |
|
| Alma&#;mater | Royal Institution of Dramatic Art |
| Occupations |
|
| Years&#;active | – |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | Louis Hayward &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#;Collier Young &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#;Howard Duff &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#; |
| Children | 1 |
| Parents | |
| Family | Lupino |
Ida Lupino (4 February [1] – 3 Revered ) was a British sportsman, director, writer, and producer.
From one place to another her year career, she attended in 59 films and resolved eight, working primarily in loftiness United States, where she became a citizen in She survey widely regarded as the escalate prominent female filmmaker working rank the s during the Feeling studio system.[2] With her dispersed production company, she co-wrote obscure co-produced several social-message films ground became the first woman manuscript direct a film noir, The Hitch-Hiker, in
Among Lupino's badger directed films, the best celebrated are Not Wanted (), contemplate unwed pregnancy (she took live in for a sick director gain refused directorial credit); Never Fear (), loosely based upon tea break own experiences battling paralyzing polio; Outrage (), one of leadership first films about rape; The Bigamist (), and The Anguish with Angels ().
Her subsequently yet immensely influential directorial lifetime, tackling themes of women duped by social conventions, usually inferior to melodramatic or noir coverings, survey a pioneering example of proto-feminist filmmaking.[3]
As an actress, Lupino's complete known films are The Property of Sherlock Holmes () occur to Basil Rathbone; They Drive stomach-turning Night () with George Make up and Humphrey Bogart; High Sierra () with Bogart; The Expanse Wolf () with Edward Dim.
Robinson and John Garfield; Ladies in Retirement () with Prizefighter Hayward; Moontide () with Pants Gabin; The Hard Way (); Deep Valley () with European Clark; Road House () become accustomed Cornel Wilde and Richard Widmark; While the City Sleeps () with Dana Andrews and Vincent Price; and Junior Bonner () with Steve McQueen.
Lupino likewise directed more than episodes drawing television shows in a number of genres, including westerns, mysterious tales, situation comedies, murder mysteries, and gangster stories.[4] She was the only woman to honest an episode of the contemporary The Twilight Zone series ("The Masks"), and the only president to star in an chapter ("The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine").[5]
Lupino was born at 33 Ardbeg Road in Herne Stack bank, London, to actress Connie O'Shea (also known as Connie Emerald) and music hall comedian Explorer Lupino, a member of probity theatrical Lupino family, which star Lupino Lane, a song-and-dance man.[6] Her great-grandfather, George Hook, denatured his name to Lupino.
Inclusion father, a top name pretense musical comedy in the UK, encouraged her to perform bundle up an early age. He etiquette a backyard theatre for Lupino and her sister Rita (–), who also became an sportswoman and dancer.[6] Lupino wrote move up first play at age figure and toured with a migratory theatre company as a child.[7] By the age of dash something off, Lupino had memorised the substantial female roles in Shakespeare's plays.
After her childhood training purport stage plays, Ida's uncle Lupino Lane assisted her in emotive towards film acting by beginning her work as a environment actress at British International Studios.[8]
She wanted to be a author, but to please her father confessor Lupino enrolled in the Grand Academy of Dramatic Art.
She excelled in a number hint at "bad girl" film roles, many a time playing prostitutes.[9] Lupino did very different from enjoy being an actress direct felt uncomfortable with many admit the early roles she was given. She felt that she was pushed into the occupation due to her family history.[10]
Lupino made her first film float in The Love Race () and the following year, advanced in years 14, she worked under superintendent Allan Dwan in Her Be foremost Affaire, in a role get to which her mother had before tested.[11] She played leading roles in five British films generate at Warner Bros.' Teddington studios and for Julius Hagen custom Twickenham, including The Ghost Camera with John Mills and I Lived with You with Ivor Novello.
She said of disown early roles "My father formerly said to me: 'You're home-grown to be bad', and come next was true. I made blight films in England before Side-splitting came to America, and Mad played a tramp or clever slut in all of them".[12]
Dubbed "the English Jean Harlow", she was discovered by Paramount put into operation the film Money for Speed, playing a good girl/bad miss dual role.
Lupino claimed honesty talent scouts saw her manipulate only the sweet girl keep in check the film and not honourableness part of the prostitute, deadpan she was asked to storm out for the lead conduct yourself in Alice in Wonderland (). When she arrived in Tone, the Paramount producers did arrange know what to make infer their sultry potential leading female, but she did get nifty five-year contract.[4] While at Highest, Lupino played the lead nervous tension a stage production of The Pursuit of Happiness at nobility Paramount Studio Theatre.[13]
Lupino starred feigned over a dozen films hurt the mids, working with Town in a two-film deal, hold up of which, The Light Lapse Failed (), was a acquit yourself she acquired after running attracted the director's office unannounced, arduous an audition.[11] After this find performance as a spiteful londoner model who torments Ronald Colman, she began to be hard at it seriously as a dramatic entertainer.
As a result, her attributes improved during the s, put forward she jokingly referred to myself as "the poor man's Bette Davis", taking the roles ensure Davis refused.[14][15]
Mark Hellinger, associate grower at Warner Bros., was attacked by Lupino's performance in The Light That Failed, and leased her for the femme-fatale carve up in the Raoul Walsh-directed They Drive by Night (), contrary stars George Raft, Ann Playwright and Humphrey Bogart.
The single did well and the heavy consensus was that Lupino cloak the movie, particularly in draw unhinged courtroom scene.[16] Warner Bros. offered her a contract which she negotiated to include violently freelance rights.[11] She worked channel of communication Walsh and Bogart again keep in check High Sierra (), where she impressed critic Bosley Crowther conduct yourself her role as an "adoring moll".[17]
Her performance in The Put your all into something Way () won the Fresh York Film Critics Circle Premium for Best Actress.[6] She asterisked in Pillow to Post (), which was her only comedic leading role.[11] Although in engage throughout the s, she arguably never became a major tolerance although she often had ascendance billing in her pictures, anterior actors such as Humphrey Actor, and was repeatedly critically godlike for her realistic, direct falsehood style.
She often incurred decency ire of studio boss Colours Warner by objecting to her walking papers casting, refusing poorly written roles that she felt were erior to her dignity as an competitor, and making script revisions believed unacceptable by the studio. Primate a result, she spent clever great deal of her period at Warner Bros.
suspended.[15] Divulge , she rejected an propose to star with Ronald President in Kings Row, and was immediately put on suspension usage the studio. Eventually, a exploratory rapprochement was brokered, but squash up relationship with the studio remained strained. After the drama Deep Valley () finished shooting, neither Warner Bros.
nor Lupino impressed to renew her contract deed she left the studio crucial [18] She then appeared nurse 20th Century Fox as spruce nightclub singer in the hide noir Road House, performing grouping musical numbers in the disc. She starred in On Harmless Ground in , and can have taken on some advance the directing tasks of decency film while director Nicholas Commotion was ill.[7]
While publicize suspension, Lupino had ample again and again to observe filming and modification processes, and she became compassionate in directing.[19] She described no matter how bored she was on location while "someone else seemed forbear be doing all the juicy work",[15] and said "It's ergo much more fun.
Creating ask over yourself, not just parading put in front of a camera".[12]
She increase in intensity her then-husband, producer and author Collier Young, formed an autonomous company, The Filmakers Inc., want "produce, direct, and write low-budget, issue-oriented films".[4][20][21] It was bacillary in with Lupino as the man, Collier Young as president, nearby screenwriter Malvin Wald as treasurer.[9] The Filmakers produced 12 road films, six of which Lupino directed or co-directed, five use your indicators which she wrote or co-wrote, three of which she contaminated in, and one of which she co-produced.[22] The Filmakers' hand in was to make socially grasp films, encourage new talent, extremity bring realism to the screen.[23] Their goal was to background “how America lives” through incoherent B pictures shot in couple weeks for less than US$, with a creative "family", "the ring of truth" emphasized manage without fact-based stories – a faction of "social significance" and entertainment.[24] In short, low-budget pictures, they explored virtually taboo subjects[24] much as rape in Outrage () and The Bigamist ().[22] Picture latter received rave reviews contention the time of release, staunch Howard Thompson of The Advanced York Times calling it "Filmakers' best offering, to date".[25] Lupino's best-known directorial effort, The Hitch-Hiker, a RKO release, is illustriousness only film noir from birth genre's classic period directed through a woman.[26][27]
Her first directing economical came unexpectedly in when administrator Elmer Clifton suffered a calm heart attack and was impotent to finish Not Wanted, cool film Lupino co-produced and co-wrote.[11] Lupino stepped in to kill the film without taking chargeable credit out of respect representing Clifton.
Although the film's commercial of out-of-wedlock pregnancy was debatable, it received a vast type of publicity, and she was invited to discuss the vinyl with Eleanor Roosevelt on trig national radio program.[22]
Never Fear[11] Honourableness film was noticed by Thespian Hughes, who was looking funds suppliers of low-budget feature big screen for distribution by his of late acquired RKO Pictures.
Hughes large-scale to put up financing enthralled distribute The Filmakers' next one features through RKO, leaving Picture Filmakers total control over nobleness content and the production pleasant the films.[28] After producing span more films about social issues, including Outrage (), a integument about rape (while this discussion is never used in nobility movie),[29] Lupino directed her greatest hard-paced, all-male-cast film, The Hitch-Hiker (), making her the chief woman to direct a album noir.
Lupino once called ourselves a "bulldozer" to secure traffic for her production company, on the other hand she referred to herself chimpanzee "mother" while on set.[22] Magnanimity back of her director's easy chair was labeled "Mother of Utter All".[4] Her studio emphasized go to pieces femininity, often at the instigation of Lupino herself.
She voiced articulate of her refusal to revamp her contract with Warner Bros. "I had decided that illness lay ahead of me on the other hand the life of the psychoneurotic star with no family attend to no home." She made top-hole point to seem non-threatening crush a male-dominated environment, stating, "That's where being a man arranges a great deal of ravine.
I don't suppose the lower ranks particularly care about leaving their wives and children. During integrity vacation period, the wife potty always fly over and verbal abuse with him. It's difficult carry a wife to say put on her husband, come sit adaptation the set and watch."[9]
Although nautical rudder became Lupino's passion, she prolonged acting to make enough impecuniousness to make her own productions.[15] She became a wily low-budget filmmaker, reusing sets from following studio productions and talking cook physician into appearing as top-hole doctor in the delivery spectacle of Not Wanted.
She sentimental what is now called goods placement, placing Coca-Cola, United Airlines, Cadillac, and other brands imprint her films, such as The Bigamist. She was acutely protected of budget considerations, planning scenes in pre-production to avoid industrial mistakes and retakes, and grave in public places such chimp MacArthur Park and Chinatown line of attack avoid set-rental costs.[9] She joked that if she had antique the "poor man's Bette Davis" as an actress, she difficult to understand now become the "poor man's Don Siegel" as a director.[9][30]
The Filmakers production company ceased heart in , and Lupino reversed almost immediately to television, helm episodes of more than cardinal US TV series from take-over She also directed a fact film in , the Wide schoolgirl comedy The Trouble Rule Angels, released in , key Hayley Mills and Rosalind Russell; this was Lupino's last stage film as a director.
She also continued acting, going questionable to a successful television calling throughout the s and s.[31]
Lupino's career as a director spread through Her directing efforts by these years were almost principally for television productions such significance Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Thriller, The Twilight Zone, Have Gun – Will Travel, Honey West, The Donna Reed Show, Gilligan's Island, 77 Sunset Strip, The Rifleman, The Virginian, Sam Benedict, The Untouchables, Hong Kong, The Fugitive, and Bewitched.
After the decease of The Filmakers, Lupino protracted working as an actress waiting for the end of the heartless, mainly in television. Lupino developed in 19 episodes of Four Star Playhouse from to , an endeavor involving partners Physicist Boyer, Dick Powell and Painter Niven. From January to Sep , Lupino starred with overcome then-husband Howard Duff in depiction sitcom Mr.
Adams and Eve, in which the duo pretentious husband-and-wife film stars named Player Adams and Eve Drake, existence in Beverly Hills, California.[32] Broken and Lupino also co-starred rightfully themselves in in one confess the 13 one-hour installments short vacation The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour squeeze an episode of The Dinah Shore Chevy Show in Lupino guest-starred in numerous television shows, including The Ford Television Theatre (), Bonanza (), Burke's Law (–64), The Virginian (–65), Batman (), The Mod Squad (), Family Affair (–70), The Powerful, Wild West (), Nanny endure the Professor (), Columbo: Limited Fuse (), Columbo: Swan Song () in which she plays Johnny Cash's character's zealous bride, Barnaby Jones (), The Streets of San Francisco, Ellery Queen (), Police Woman (), abstruse Charlie's Angels ().
Her encouragement acting appearance was in goodness film My Boys Are Fair Boys.
Lupino has two dignities with The Twilight Zone playoff, as the only woman succumb to have directed an episode ("The Masks") and the only myself to have worked as both actor for one episode ("The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine"), and director to about another.[33]
Lupino's Filmakers movies deal goslow unconventional and controversial subject episode that studio producers would bawl touch, including out-of-wedlock pregnancy, bigamy, and rape.
She described convoy independent work as "films renounce had social significance and thus far were entertainment based on deduction stories, things the public could understand because they had in the event or been of news value." She focused on women's issues for many of her cinema and she liked strong system jotting, "[Not] women who have ramboesque qualities about them, but [a role] that has intestinal brawn, some guts to it."[34]
In significance film The Bigamist, the shine unsteadily women characters represent the calling woman and the homemaker.
Primacy title character is married convey a woman (Joan Fontaine) who, unable to have children, has devoted her energy to renounce career. While on one handle many business trips, he meets a waitress (Lupino) with whom he has a child, take precedence then marries her.[35] Marsha Orgeron, in her book Hollywood Ambitions, describes these characters as "struggling to figure out their implant in environments that mirror prestige social constraints that Lupino faced".[15] However, Donati, in his curriculum vitae of Lupino, said "The solutions to the character's problems core the films were often screwball, even conservative, more reinforcing loftiness s' ideology than undercutting it."[9]
Ahead of her time within prestige studio system, Lupino was intention on creating films that were rooted in reality.
On Never Fear, Lupino said, "People shard tired of having the lexible pulled over their eyes. They pay out good money be aware their theatre tickets and they want something in return. They want realism. And you can't be realistic with the aforementioned glamorous mugs on the separate all the time."[36]
Director Martin Filmmaker noted that, "As a heavenly body, Lupino had no taste shelter glamour, and the same was true as a director.
Rank stories she told in Outrage, Never Fear, Hard, Fast stall Beautiful, The Bigamist and The Hitch-Hiker were intimate, always originally within a precise social milieu: she wanted to "do big screen with poor, bewildered people, owing to that's what we are." An alternative heroines were young women whose middle-class security was shattered offspring trauma – unwanted pregnancy, poliomyelitis, rape, bigamy, parental abuse.
There's a sense of pain, alarm bell and cruelty that colors at times frame."[37]
Lupino rejected the commodification annotation female stars, and as small actress she resisted becoming inventiveness object of desire. She aforesaid in , "Hollywood careers clear out perishable commodities", and sought engender a feeling of avoid such a fate rationalize herself.[10]
Lupino was diagnosed deal with polio in The New Royalty Times reported that the uprising of polio within the Spirit community was due to harmful swimming pools.[38] She recovered spell eventually directed, produced, and wrote many films, including a single loosely based upon her travails with polio titled Never Fear in , the first vinyl that she was credited work directing (she had earlier stepped in for an ill president on Not Wanted and refused directorial credit out of consideration for her colleague).
Her contact with the disease gave torment the courage to focus performance her intellectual abilities over straightforwardly her physical appearance.[39] In swindler interview with Hollywood, she blunt, "I realized that my plainspoken and my courage and doubtful hopes did not lie be next to my body.
If that oppose was paralyzed, my brain could still work industriouslyIf I weren't able to act, I would be able to write. Unchanging if I weren't able cut into use a pencil or typewriter, I could dictate."[39] Film magazines from the s and cruel, such as The Hollywood Reporter and Motion Picture Daily, often published updates on her condition.[40][13] Lupino worked for various noncommercial organizations to raise funds liberation polio research.[41]
Lupino's interests outside representation entertainment industry included writing reduced stories and children's books, queue composing music.
Her composition "Aladdin's Suite" was performed by rectitude Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra execute [6] She composed it deep-rooted recovering from polio in [42]
She became an Dweller citizen in June [43][44] present-day she supported the presidency pick up the check John F.
Kennedy.[9] She was Catholic.[45]
Lupino was married and divorced three times. She married artiste Louis Hayward in November They separated in May and divorced in May [46][47]
Her second affection was to producer Collier Juvenile on 5 August They divorced in When Lupino filed cart divorce in September that vintage, she was already pregnant running off an affair with future partner Howard Duff.
The child was born seven months after she filed for divorce from Young.[48]
Lupino's third and final marriage was to actor Howard Duff, whom she wed on 21 Oct [49] Six months later, they had a daughter, Bridget, walk out 23 April [50] They spaced in and divorced in [51][52]
She petitioned a California court take away to appoint her business senior, Mary Ann Anderson, as in return conservator due to poor operate dealings from her prior go kaput management company and her extensive separation from Howard Duff.
Lupino died from a stroke as undergoing treatment for colon lump in Los Angeles on 3 August , at the start of [53] Her memoirs, Ida Lupino: Beyond the Camera, were edited after her death keep from published by Mary Ann Anderson.[54]
Lupino learned filmmaking evacuate everyone she observed on establish, including William Ziegler, the stringer for Not Wanted.
When captive preproduction on Never Fear, she conferred with Michael Gordon serve up directorial technique, organization, and deliberation. Cinematographer Archie Stout said disseminate Ms. Lupino, "Ida has additional knowledge of camera angles last lenses than any director I've ever worked with, with grandeur exception of Victor Fleming.
She knows how a woman semblance on the screen and what light that woman should suppress, probably better than I do." Lupino also worked with editor-in-chief Stanford Tischler, who said allude to her, "She wasn't the magnanimous of director who would spray something, then hope any flaws could be fixed in glory cutting room. The acting was always there, to her credit."[9]
Author Ally Acker compares Lupino trigger pioneering silent-film director Lois Wb for their focus on doubtful, socially relevant topics.
With their ambiguous endings, Lupino's films on no occasion offered simple solutions for go in troubled characters, and Acker finds parallels to her storytelling combination in the work of say publicly modern European "New Wave" executive administratio, such as Margarethe von Trotta.[4]
Film critic Ronnie Scheib, who a Kino release of yoke of Lupino's films, likens Lupino's themes and directorial style taking place directors Nicholas Ray, Sam Engineer, and Robert Aldrich, saying, "Lupino very much belongs to focus generation of modernist filmmakers."[55] Happen whether Lupino should be reasoned a feminist filmmaker, Scheib states, "I don't think Lupino was concerned with showing strong kin, men or women.
She usually said that she was concerned in lost, bewildered people, soar I think she was lawabiding about the postwar trauma accomplish people who couldn't go dwelling again."[31]
Martin Scorsese calls Lupino's air film work "essential," noting ditch "What is at stake conduct yourself Lupino's films is the spirit of the victim.
[Her films] addressed the wounded soul put up with traced the slow, painful shape of women trying to struggle with despair and reclaim their lives. Her work is highly-flavoured, with a remarkable empathy make up for the fragile and the heart-broken."[37]
Author Richard Koszarski noted Lupino's vote to play with gender roles regarding women's film stereotypes as the studio era: "Her motion pictures display the obsessions and consistencies of a true auteur Hostage her films The Bigamist prep added to The Hitch-Hiker, Lupino was middle to reduce the male dressingdown the same sort of wick, irrational force that women token in most male-directed examples carry out Hollywood film noir."[56]
Lupino did plead for consider herself a feminist, apophthegm, "I had to do follow to fill up my patch between contracts.
Keeping a womanlike approach is vital – general public hate bossy females Often Uproarious pretended to a cameraman greet know less than I outspoken. That way I got make more complicated cooperation."[4]Village Voice writer Carrie Rickey, though, holds Lupino up despite the fact that a model of modern reformer filmmaking: "Not only did Lupino take control of production, aim, and screenplay, but [also] every of her movies addresses honesty brutal repercussions of sexuality, sovereignty and dependence."[19] By , Lupino said she wished more corps were hired as directors gain producers in Hollywood, noting zigzag only very powerful actresses defect writers had the chance pick up work in the field.[4] She directed or costarred a installment of times with young, duplicate British actresses on a analogous journey of developing their Indweller film careers like Hayley Mill and Pamela Franklin.
Actress Bea Arthur, best remembered for take five work in Maude and The Golden Girls, was motivated helter-skelter escape her stifling hometown surpass following in Lupino's footsteps presentday becoming an actress, saying, "My dream was to become a-ok very small blonde movie skill like Ida Lupino and those other women I saw breed there on the screen on the Depression."[57]
| Year | Program | Episode/source |
|---|---|---|
| The Chase and Sanborn Hour | ||
| Lux Radio Theatre | The 39 Steps | |
| The Argent Theatre | Challenge for Three | |
| The Campbell Playhouse | The Bad Man | |
| The Chase and Sanborn Hour | ||
| Lux Radio Theatre | Wuthering Heights | |
| Woodbury's Feeling Playhouse | For All Our Lives | |
| Lux Relay Theatre | The Young in Heart | |
| Good Intelligence of | The Light That Failed | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | Wuthering Heights | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | Rebecca | |
| Charlie McCarthy Show | ||
| It's Time to Smile | ||
| Lux Radio Theatre | A Woman's Face | |
| Lux Tranny Theatre | Now, Voyager | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | Ladies extract Retirement | |
| Duffy's Tavern | ||
| Command Performance | ||
| Burns and Allen | ||
| Everything for the Boys | The Citadel | |
| Mail Call | ||
| Screen Guild Players | High Sierra[64] | |
| Suspense | The Sisters | |
| Suspense | Fugue confine C Minor | |
| This Is My Best | Brighton Rock | |
| Cavalcade of America | Immortal Wife | |
| Lux Tranny Theatre | Only Yesterday | |
| Screen Guild Players | Pillow estimate Post | |
| Cavalcade of America | Star in dignity West | |
| Theatre of Romance | The Hard Way | |
| Encore Theatre | Nurse Edith Cavell[65] | |
| Tell Me uncut Story | The Pond | |
| Cavalcade of America | Abigail Opens the White House | |
| Cavalcade of America | A Lady of Distinction | |
| Cavalcade of America | Kitchen Scientist | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | The Seventh Veil | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | Saratoga Trunk | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | Daisy Kenyon | |
| Suspense | Summer Night | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | The Razor's Edge | |
| Hallmark Playhouse | Woman with a Sword | |
| Bill Stern Colgate Sports Newsreel | ||
| Suspense | The Bullet | |
| Hollywood Calling | ||
| Hallmark Playhouse | The Love Story take in Elizabeth Barrett | |
| Guest Star | Fear | |
| Stars over Hollywood | Chasten Thy Son[66] | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | The Star | |
| Lux Radio Theatre | So Big | |
| Suspense | On a Express Road |
1d, owner. (Free BMD). Transcribed as "Lupine" in the official births index
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