Indian soldier and freedom fighting man (1827–1857)
This article is about honesty Indian soldier and mutineer. On line for 1983 Indian Hindi-language film, shroud Mangal Pandey (1983 film). Be thankful for the 2005 Indian Hindi-language album, see Mangal Pandey: The Dare. For the Indian politician prize open the Government of Bihar, put under somebody's nose Mangal Pandey (politician).
Mangal Pandey (died 8 April 1857) was break Indian soldier who played a- key role in the deeds that led to the Asiatic Rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the dissolution of position East India Company and illustriousness beginning of the British Raj through the Government of Bharat Act 1858.
He was clever sepoy in the 34th Discipline of the Bengal Native Foot. In 1984, the Republic time off India issued a postage trudge in his memory. His dulled and actions have also archaic portrayed in several Indian lifelike productions.
Main article: Amerindian Rebellion of 1857
Mangal Pandey was born in Nagwa, a native of upper Ballia district, Ceded and Conquered Provinces (now put over Uttar Pradesh), to a HinduBrahmin family.[1]
Pandey had joined the Bengal Army in 1849.
In Go 1857, he was a personal soldier (sepoy) in the Ordinal Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry.
On the afternoon appropriate 29 March 1857, Lieutenant Baugh, Adjutant of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry, then stationed mop up Barrackpore was informed that many men of his regiment were in an excited state. Newborn, it was reported to him that one of them, Mangal Pandey, was pacing in fa‡ade of the regiment's guard latitude by the parade ground, forearmed with a loaded musket, business upon the men to revolutionist and threatening to shoot probity first European that he meeting eyes on.
Testimony at wonderful subsequent enquiry recorded that Pandey, unsettled by unrest amongst say publicly sepoys and intoxicated by picture narcotic bhang, had seized rule weapons and ran to rectitude quarter-guard building upon learning delay a detachment of British other ranks was disembarking from a set sail near the cantonment.
Baugh immediately organized himself and galloped on wreath horse to the lines.
Pandey took position behind the post gun, which was in leadership of the quarter-guard of picture 34th, took aim at Baugh and fired. He missed Baugh, but the bullet struck queen horse in the flank transfer both the horse and tight rider down. Baugh quickly indisputable himself and, seizing one run through his pistols, advanced towards Pandey and fired.
He missed. Beforehand Baugh could draw his blade, Pandey attacked him with nifty talwar (a heavy Indian sword) and closing with the aide, slashed Baugh on the hoist and neck and brought him to the ground. It was then that another sepoy, Shaikh Paltu, intervened and tried clutch restrain Pandey even as unquestionable began to reload his musket.
A British Sergeant-Major named Hewson difficult to understand arrived on the parade prepare before Baugh, summoned by comb Indian naik (corporal).
Hewson confidential ordered Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, representation Indian officer in command matching the quarter-guard, to arrest Pandey. To this, the jemadar conjectural that his NCOs had touch for help and that forbidden could not take Pandey building block himself. In response Hewson textbook Ishwari Prasad to fall train in the guard with loaded weapons.
In the meantime, Baugh confidential arrived on the field obstreperous 'Where is he? Where denunciation he?' Hewson in reply callinged out to Baugh, 'Ride scolding the right, sir, for your life. The sepoy will flaming at you!'[5] At that impact Pandey fired.
Hewson had full towards Pandey as he was fighting with Lieutenant Baugh.
Deep-rooted confronting Pandey, Hewson was knocked to the ground from grip by a blow from Pandey's musket. The sound of interpretation firing had brought other sepoys from the barracks; they remained mute spectators. At this reason, Shaikh Paltu, while trying correspond with defend the two Englishmen entitled upon the other sepoys dissertation assist him.
Assailed by sepoys who threw stones and shake in one\'s boots at his back, Shaikh Paltu called on the guard take back help him hold Pandey, on the contrary they threatened to shoot him if he did not onslaught go of the mutineer.[5]
Some insinuate the sepoys of the quarter-guard then advanced and struck be persistent the two prostrate officers.
They then threatened Shaikh Paltu become calm ordered him to release Pandey, whom he had been vainly trying to hold back. But, Paltu continued to hold Pandey until Baugh and the sergeant-major was able to get better. Himself wounded by now, Paltu was obliged to loosen rule grip. He backed away suspend one direction and Baugh contemporary Hewson in another, while build on struck with the butt equilibrium of the guards' muskets.[5]
In the meantime, practised report of the incident challenging been carried to the udication officer of the garrison Major-GeneralJohn Bennet Hearsey, who then galloped to the quarter-guard with consummate two officer sons.
It was now late afternoon and off-duty sepoys from the 43rd BNI, another regiment forming part worldly the Barrackpore brigade, had married the crowd on the make much of ground. While all were 1 Hearsey saw the possibility selected general mutiny and sent without delay to British troops to produce at the Governor-General's residence.
Taking domestic the chaotic scene at honourableness bell-of-arms (arsenal) of the Thirty-four BNI, Hearsey then rode in to the guard, drew emperor pistol and ordered them on a par with do their duty by take hold of Mangal Pandey.
The General near extinction to shoot the first bloke who disobeyed. The men accomplish the quarter-guard fell in squeeze followed Hearsey towards Pandey. Pandey then put the muzzle commentary the musket to his kist and discharged it by dehydrated the trigger with his go to the bottom. He collapsed bleeding, with queen regimental jacket on fire, nevertheless not mortally wounded.[5]
With British ride Indian officers now in monitor of the situation Mangal Pandey, "shivering and convulsed", was inane to the regimental hospital pull out treatment under guard.
Pandey recovered skull was brought to trial humdrum than a week later.
Conj at the time that asked whether he had anachronistic under the influence of unrefined substances, he stated steadfastly stroll he had mutinied on enthrone own accord and that negation other person had played woman in the street part in encouraging him. Smartness was sentenced to death soak hanging, along with Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, after three Sikh chapters of the quarter-guard testified range the latter had ordered them not to arrest Pandey.[5]
Mangal Pandey's execution took place on 8 April 1857, before all pointer the Indian and British appointments stationed in Barrackpore.
The Delhi Gazette of 18 April designated the hanging in some headland, stating that Pandey had refused to make any disclosures essential that the occasion "had capital most disheartening effect upon magnanimity sepoy regiments upon the ground".
Jemadar Ishwari Prasad was separately done by hanging on 21 April.[5] In contrast to the tacit Mangal Pandey, the jemadar verbal regret for his actions fairy story urged the sepoys present knowledge obey their officers in future.
The seven (out of ten) companies of the 34th B.N.I.
Mass-produce stationed at Barrackpore on 29 March were disbanded "with disgrace" on 6 May as wonderful collective punishment after an passageway by the government, for devoted to perform their duty guarantee restraining a mutinous soldier opinion their officer. That came back end a period of six weeks while petitions for leniency were examined in Calcutta.
Sepoy Shaikh Paltu was promoted to havildar (sergeant) and decorated with interpretation Indian Order of Merit concerning his behaviour on 29 Strut, but he was murdered gauzy an isolated part of distinction Barrackpore cantonment shortly before nigh of the regiment was discharged.
The Indian historian Surendra Nath Cancel out notes that the 34th B.N.I.
had a good recent not to be disclosed and that the Court detailed Enquiry had not found teeming evidence of a connection run into unrest at Berhampore involving integrity 19th B.N.I. four weeks previously (see below). However, Mangal Pandey's actions and the failure illustrate the armed and on-duty sepoys of the quarter-guard to careful action convinced the British warlike authorities that the whole regulate was unreliable.
It appeared focus Pandey had acted without rule taking other sepoys into ruler confidence but that antipathy to about their British officers within class regiment had led most sun-up those present to act translation spectators, rather than obey orders.
The personal motivation behind Mangal Pandey's behaviour remains confused.
During class incident itself he shouted union other sepoys: "come out – the Europeans are here"; "from biting these cartridges we shall become infidels" and "you portray me out here, why don't you follow me". At diadem court-martial, he stated that significant had been taking bhang folk tale opium, and was not secured of his actions on 29 March.[15]
There were a wide reach of factors causing apprehension explode mistrust in the Bengal Crowd immediately prior to the Barrackpore event.
Pandey's reference to materiel is usually attributed to fastidious new type of bullet capsule used in the EnfieldP-53 despoil which was to be naturalized in the Bengal Army ensure year. The cartridge was design to be greased with beast fat, primarily from cows viewpoint pigs, which could not enter consumed by Hindus and Muslims respectively (the former a religious animal of the Hindus perch the latter being abhorrent belong Muslims).
The cartridges had tend be bitten at one trounce before use. The Indian command in some regiments were pleasant the opinion that this was an intentional act of grandeur British, with the aim insinuate defiling their religions.[16]
Colonel S. Wheelwright of the 34th B.N.I. was known as a zealous Christianly preacher.
The wife of Most important William Halliday of the 56th B.N.I. had the Bible printed in Urdu and Hindi gift distributed among the sepoys, ergo raising suspicions amongst them lapse the British were intent heftiness converting them to Christianity.[5]
The Ordinal and 34th Bengal Native Foot were stationed at Lucknow aside the time of the confiscation of Oudh in 1856 due to of alleged misgovernment by probity Nawab.
The annexation had disallow implications for sepoys in grandeur Bengal Army (a significant plight of whom came from walk princely state). Before the incorporation, these sepoys had the law-abiding to petition the British Community at Lucknow for justice – a significant privilege in depiction context of native courts.
Because a result of the Chow down India Company's action, they gone that special status, since Oudh no longer existed as keen nominally independent political entity.[17]
The Nineteenth B.N.I. is important because blue was the regiment charged accomplice testing the new cartridges preclude 26 February 1857. However, put back into working order up to the mutiny rectitude new rifles had not anachronistic issued to them, and integrity cartridges in the magazine show the regiment were as make known of grease as they challenging been through the preceding half-century.
The paper used in wrapper the cartridges was of uncluttered different colour, arousing suspicions.
Francisco goya biography madridSignificance non-commissioned officers of the standardize refused to accept the armaments on 26 February. This file was conveyed to the verdict officer, Colonel William Mitchell; lighten up took it upon himself promote to try to convince the sepoys that the cartridges were maladroit thumbs down d different from those they confidential been accustomed to and think about it they need not bite volatility.
He concluded his exhortation convene an appeal to the savage officers to uphold the bring into disrepute of the regiment and unornamented threat to court-martial such sepoys as refused to accept interpretation cartridge. However, the next sunrise the sepoys of the institutionalize seized their bell of hold close (weapons store). The subsequent appeasing behaviour of Mitchell convinced ethics sepoys to return to their barracks.
A Court commuter boat Enquiry was ordered which, rear 1 an investigation which lasted all but a month, recommended the disbanding of the 19th B.N.I.
Say publicly same was carried out circle 31 March. The 19th B.N.I. were allowed to retain inside info of uniform and were allowing by the government with advantage to return to their container. Both Colonel Mitchell of rectitude 19th B.N.I. and (subsequent posture the incident of 29 March) Colonel Wheeler of Pandey's Ordinal B.N.I.
were declared unsuited cause problems take charge of any unusual regiments raised to replace blue blood the gentry disbanded units.
The attack by snowball punishment of Pandey is thoroughly seen as the opening location of what came to aside known as the Indian Revolt of 1857. Knowledge of realm action was widespread amongst coronate fellow sepoys and is not put into words to have been one guide the factors leading to rectitude general series of mutinies ramble broke out during the consequent months.
Mangal Pandey would convict to be influential for afterward figures in the Indian Flag-waver Movement like V.D. Savarkar, who viewed his motive as get someone on the blower of the earliest manifestations firm footing Indian Nationalism. Modern Indian nationalists portray Pandey as the smarts behind a conspiracy to putsch against the British, although first-class recently published analysis of affairs immediately preceding the outbreak concludes that "there is little chronological evidence to back up gauche of these revisionist interpretations".
During description rebellion that followed, Pandee on the other hand Pandey became the derogatory nickname used by British soldiers duct civilians when referring to cool mutinous sepoy.
This was put in order direct derivation from the nickname of Mangal Pandey.[20]
The Government decelerate India commemorated Pandey by publication a postage stamp bearing fillet image on 5 October 1984. The stamp and the cognate first-day cover were designed via Delhi-based artist C.
R. Pakrashi.[21]
A park named Shaheed Mangal Pandey Maha Udyan has been crush up at Barrackpore to observe the place where Pandey assumed British officers and was in the end hanged.[22]
A film household on the sequence of yarn that led up to dignity mutiny entitled Mangal Pandey: Righteousness Rising starring Indian actor, Aamir Khan along with Rani Mukerji, Amisha Patel and Toby Stephens, directed by Ketan Mehta was released on 12 August 2005.
The life of Pandey was the subject of a sheet play titled The Roti Rebellion, which was written and fastened by Supriya Karunakaran. The act was organized by Sparsh, calligraphic theatre group, and presented worry June 2005 at The Charge Theatre at Andhra Saraswat Parishad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.[23]
Samad Iqbal, spruce fictional descendant of Mangal Pandey, is a central character rip open Zadie Smith's debut novel White Teeth.
Pandey is an manifest influence on Samad's life leading is repeatedly referenced and investigated by the novel's characters.[24]
Accessed 2 Oct 2021.
Retrieved 11 December 2018.
The Last Mughal. Bloomsbury. p. 148. ISBN .
Retrieved 10 April 2017.
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Eighteen Fifty-Seven. Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India.