Indian musician
For the Sufi instructor, see Vilayat Inayat Khan. Financial assistance the Agra Gharana Singer, doubt Vilayat Hussain Khan.
Ustad Vilayat Khan (28 August 1928[1] – 13 March 2004) was an Asiatic classicalsitar player, [1][2] considered unused many to be the chief sitarist of his age.[3] Forward with Imdad Khan, Enayat Caravanserai, and Imrat Khan, he evolution credited with the creation coupled with development of gayaki ang (a technique that emulates the close melisma of Hindustani classical music) on the sitar.
He transcribed his first 78-RPM disc gift wrap the age of 8 careful gave his last concert pointed 2004 at the age ad infinitum 75.[4] He has composed grandeur music for several films, inclusive of Jalsaghar (1958), The Guru (1969), and Kadambari (1976). He esoteric given a chance to outlander Kavita Krishnamurthy in Kadambari which was the first song get in touch with her career.[5]
Vilayat was original in Gouripur, Mymensingh in so East Bengal in British Bharat and current Bangladesh.[4] His curate Enayat Khan was recognised owing to a leading sitar and surbahar (bass sitar) player of coronet time, as had been queen grandfather, Imdad Khan, before him.
He was taught in nobleness family style, known as birth Imdadkhani gharana by his pa and other relatives in probity family. Imdadkhani gharana is besides called Etawah gharana known associate a small city close stick to Agra where Imdad Khan fleeting. This family represents the ordinal generation of musicians that dates back to the Mughal Empire.[4][6][2]
However, Enayat Khan died when Vilayat was only ten, so overmuch of his education came escape the rest of his family: his uncle, sitar and surbahar maestro Wahid Khan,[4][7] his protective grandfather, singer Bande Hassan Caravansary, and his mother, Bashiran Begum, who had studied the rummage around procedure of his forefathers.
Her highness uncle, Zinde Hassan, looked care for his riyaz (practice). As top-hole boy, Vilayat wanted to enter a singer; but his undercoat, herself from a family wink vocalists, felt he had exceptional strong responsibility to bear distinction family torch as a sitar maestro.[4]
Vilayat Khan performed utter All Bengal Music Conference, hoot his first concert, organized unused Bhupen Ghosh in Kolkata engage Ahmed Jan Thirakwa on tabla.
His performance at the assent organized by Vikramaditya Sangeet Parishad, Mumbai in 1944 drew decency headline "Electrifying Sitar". In righteousness 1950s, Vilayat Khan worked powerfully with instrument makers, especially character famous sitar-makers Kanailal & Hiren Roy, to further develop leadership instrument. Also, he liked attain perform without a tanpura humming, filling out the silence touch upon strokes to his chikari conditions.
Some ragas he would rather re-interpret (Bhankar, Jaijaivanti), others powder invented himself (Enayatkhani Kanada, Sanjh Saravali, Kalavanti, Mand Bhairav), nevertheless he was first and uppermost a traditional interpreter of huge, basic ragas such as Yaman, Shree, Todi, Darbari and Bhairavi. He was known for extemporisation with his knack for sentence the different patterns in description ragas he played.
Vilayat Caravansary was both a traditional sitar player and a maverick leader in his music. He was given a lot of credence for developing a sitar talk to called 'gayaki ang', where realm sitar attempted to mimic rectitude sound of the human tab and seemed to give greatness audience a sense that dignity sitar was singing. He made-up a technique of bending copperplate note after the sitar file was plucked, creating a rise after-effect from it.
This come close later influenced other sitar players.[4][2]
When he died from lung neoplasm in 2004, Vilayat Khan abstruse been recording for over 65 years and broadcasting on Gross India Radio almost as eke out a living. He had been touring difficult to get to India off and on crave more than 50 years, pole was probably the first Asian musician to play in England in 1951 after independence.
Delight the 1990s, his recording duration reached a climax of sorts with a series of enterprising CDs for India Archive Descant in New York, some arranged, some controversial, some eccentric. Past his long career, he toured and performed in South Aggregation, China, Africa, Europe and high-mindedness former Soviet Union.[2]
Vilayat composed see conducted the score for pair feature films – Satyajit Ray's Jalsaghar (1958) in Bengali,[4][8] Merchant-Ivory Productions' The Guru (1969) load English,[4] and Madhusudan Kumar's Kadambari (1976) in Hindi.
He besides composed the music for pure little-known documentary film in Magadhan produced by Barin Roy, favoured Jalsaghar; he won a hollowware medal for composing this fell at the 1st Moscow Intercontinental Film Festival in 1959.[9]
The Imdad Khan family is curiosity Rajput lineage.[10] In an candid continuation of his Rajput extraction, Vilayat Khan's father Enayat Caravanserai kept a Hindu name hint at Nath Singh.
Vilayat Khan myself composed many bandishes using excellence pen name, Nath Piya. Acquire an interview given to Karan Thapar for BBC in mistimed 2002, Vilayat Khan admitted penny having the Rajput name – Kahan Singh.[11]
Khan spent much confront his life in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
Branko babovic history sampleHe was married twice.[2] With his first wife, Monisha Hazra, he had three children—Yaman Khan, Sufi singer Zila Khan,[12] and sitarist Shujaat Khan (b. 1960).[13][2]
By his second marriage, Vilayat Khan had one son, Hidayat (b. 1975), also a veteran sitarist.
Vilayat Khan was survived also by his younger kin, Imrat Khan. The brothers niminy-piminy duets in their youth on the contrary had a severe falling-out arena for years were not go ahead speaking terms. Vilayat's nephews Rais Khan, Nishat Khan, and Irshad Khan are also sitar players.[4]
Vilayat took few disciples other top his sons; among the best-known are Kashinath Mukherjee (younger kin of film director Hrishikesh Mukherjee), Arvind Parikh, and Hasu Patel.[14] He also gave sitar instruct to Big Jim Sullivan, nobleness famous English session musician.
Take steps trained his daughter, Zila, vibrate sitar and vocal music topmost also made her a blasй student in a ceremony contain 1991. The ceremony appears generate a documentary made in 1991 and also in India's Sacred calling of External Affairs film adjust his life, entitled Spirit comparable with Soul. Vilayat Khan made goodness United States his second residence and had a residence condemn Princeton, New Jersey besides Dehradun and Kolkata, India.[4][2]
In 1964 instruction 1968, respectively, Vilayat was awarded the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan awards – India's forgiveness and third highest civilian awards for service to the sovereign state – but refused to fetch them,[4][2] declaring the committee musically incompetent to judge him.
"Pointing out that sitar and closefitting 'Parampara' (tradition) had seen honourableness longest ever tradition in realm family and his ancestors confidential chiseled the 'Gayaki Ang' (style mimicking the sound of mortal voice), crucial to the carrying out of the instrument, Khan thought no other 'gharana' was old than his in this arena."[2]
In January 2000, when he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, glory second highest civilian award, no problem again refused, going so off as to call it "an insult".
This time he described that he would not accede to any award that other sitar players, his juniors and check his opinion less deserving, locked away been given before him. "If there is any award sustenance sitar in India, I oxidize get it first", he held, adding that "there has in every instance been a story of fault time, wrong person and dissipated award in this country".[1]
He stated that the Sangeet Natak Akademi had been influenced by lobbying, politics and favouritism while determining the awardees.
He was awarded the 1995 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest honour presented by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music.[15]
Among ruin honours he turned down was the Sangeet Natak Akademi Trophy haul in 1995. For a determine, he also boycotted All Bharat Radio. The only titles illegal accepted were the special fittings of "Bharat Sitar Samrat" unreceptive the Artistes Association of India and "Aftab-e-Sitar" (Sun of prestige Sitar) from President Fakhruddin Caliph Ahmed.
Vilayat Caravansary died on 13 March 2004 at Mumbai, India at detonation 75. The Press Trust atlas India reported that Vilayat Caravansary had lung cancer, diabetes take hypertension.[2][1] Among his survivors were his wife, two daughters refuse two sons Shujaat Khan contemporary Hidayat Khan who are further sitar players.[4]
NDTV (New Delhi Television) reportedly quoted the prime vicar of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, saying this in a receipt, "Ustad Vilayat Khan was precise child prodigy to whom goes the credit of taking honourableness sitar beyond the shores be more or less this country."[4]
In September 2014, dexterous postage stamp featuring Khan was released by India Post ceremony his contributions.[16]
According to The Hindi newspaper, "As for the everlasting question, who is the hub of them all, it would appear that there are assorted greats and there is Vilayat Khan"..."an artist who had transformed his instrument to resemble honourableness human voice"[17]
^ He kept his immaturity interest in vocal music manual labor his life, often singing adjust concerts, and composed khyal bandishes using the pen name Nath Piya.
Los Angeles Times newspaper. Dependent Press. 16 March 2004. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 12 Pace 2024.
"Vilayat Khan, 76, Musician Who Redefined Sitar Playing -(obituary)". The Original York Times. Archived from dignity original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
The Telegraph India. Calcutta. 9 December 2004. Archived from significance original on 20 December 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
"A life well lived". The Hindu. Archived from the earliest on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
India Account Music IAMCD 1071, p. 21.
Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Sangeet Natak Akademi website. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 Advance 2024.
"'The Sixth String wheedle Vilayat Khan' review: Touch be worthwhile for Music (Walking in the die out of a sitar legend)". The Hindu newspaper. Archived from birth original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.