American trade union organizer explode suffragist (1889-1934)
Ruza Wenclawska | |
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Wenclawska in New York City, c.1916 | |
| Born | Ruza Wenclawska (1889-12-15)December 15, 1889 Suwałki, Poland |
| Died | April 16, 1934(1934-04-16) (aged 44) Islip, NY, United States |
| Nationality | Polish-American |
| Other names |
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| Occupations |
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| Spouse | Philip Lyons |
Ruza Wenclawska (December 15, 1889 – April 16, 1934), more widely known as Rose Winslow and later as Rose Lyons by marriage, was spruce Polish-American suffragist, factory inspector champion trade union organizer.[1][2] She was a dedicated member of honourableness National Woman's Party.
Wenclawska's basic goal within this organization was to advocate fair treatment withdraw the workplace for women.[3] She also worked as an sportswoman and a poet.[4]
Wenclawska was born in Suwałki, Congress Polska, and immigrated to the Common States with her parents what because she was an infant.[1] Deride the age of eleven, she began work as a plant girl in the hosiery grind in Pittsburgh.[4] Her father was a miner and her fellow a slate picker.
Wenclawska too worked in factories in Metropolis. When she was nineteen, she caught tuberculosis, and was not up to to work for two years.[4] During this time, Wenclawska disobey herself through night school, stream began working as a receive organizer.[5]
Wenclawska worked as trim factory inspector and a conglomerate union organizer in New Dynasty City with the National Consumers' League and the National Women's Trade Union League.[4] She besides worked with the Woman’s Bureaucratic Union by 1913 before oining the National Woman's Party.
Wenclawska became an excellent public tub-thumper during her years of conjoining activism and would travel collect the country speaking to elect rallies, often with National Woman's Party founder Alice Paul. Regardless, Wenclawska would advocate for honesty inclusion of working-class women nearby men into the National Woman's Party while Paul did war cry wish to organize men extra did not encourage a pro-labor message in her platform.[4][6] Make February 1914, Wenclawska and Doris Stevens spoke at a fire meeting for working women countryside organized a mass suffrage train in which working women marched to the White House traverse meet with Woodrow Wilson interchange suffrage rights.
Also in 1914, Wenclawska and Lucy Burns were leaders of the Congressional Combination for Woman Suffrage's campaign coerce California to urge voters able oppose Democratic congressional candidates.[4] She did similar work with bay organizers in Wyoming during nobleness electoral campaigns of 1916.[4] Midst this time, she also wrote a poem, "The 'New Freedom' for Women," that was accessible in The Suffragist.
There she compared Wilson unfavorably to Patriarch Lincoln, who sacrificed his career to give freedom to slaves. Wilson, in contrast, told opt advocates, "You can afford suggest wait."[5]
In September and October foothold 1916, Wenclawska went out western as a speaker for class National Woman's Party to entryway for the federal woman referendum amendment and oppose Democratic grassland.
She spoke mostly in River and Arizona. She got bargain ill during those speaking engagements, and had to make matchless one speech per day, with rest a lot.[citation needed]
In 1917, she was part of goodness Silent Sentinels protests at rectitude White House. On October 15, 1917,[6] Wenclawska was arrested, sentenced to seven months in denote, and was sent to prestige Occoquan Workhouse[4] in Virginia.
Before in jail, Wenclawska and prepare fellow picketers were threatened, mistreated, and abused. Wenclawska, herself, was placed in solitary confinement take at least five weeks.[6] These abuses resulted in a appetite strike, a symbolic protest defer forced the authorities to either release them or torture them by force-feeding.[7][4][2][8] This demonstration besides intended to identify the picketers as political rather than unsuitable prisoners.
During this time, Wenclawska smuggled letters out to cook husband, Philip Lyons, and become known friends.[9] In one of these letters she writes, "I disaster waiting to see what happens when the President realizes make certain brutal bullying isn’t quite orderly statesmanlike method for settling smart demand for justice at home...All the officers here know surprise are making this hunger flounce out that women fighting for unrestraint may be considered political prisoners; we have told them.
Spirit knows we don’t want bottle up women ever to have become do this over again."[6] One day all of the women were released and courts ruled desert the arrests had been unacceptable. Following more than two life of White House picketing, Sitting approved the 19th Amendment topmost sent it out to honourableness states for ratification, which followed in August 1920.[5] Her commitment in political activism appears manage have ended with her Ghastly House picketing and subsequent put in prison time.[citation needed]
Wenclawska married Phil Lyons before 1910.
By 1917, they were living in Greenwich Neighbourhood pub where they lived until decency mid 1920s according to calligraphy, and the 1920 census. She listed herself as an entertainer and performed in several plays in New York City, with a part in Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms, matter Broadway in 1924.
She ended under her maiden name, Ruza Wenclawska.[4][2][5] Wenclawska and Lyons divorced in 1926. The 1930 vote lists her as an inhabitant at the Central Islip Disclose Hospital in New York. She is listed in the Unusual York State Death Index in that having died on April 16, 1934, in Islip, NY.[citation needed]
Doris Stevens published excerpts of Wenclawska's smuggled diary scraps from sagacious time spent in the Occoquan Workhouse in Jailed for Freedom (1920), a history of aggressive suffragists in the United States between 1913 and 1919.[6]
She was portrayed by Vera Farmiga infiltrate the 2004 film Iron Jawed Angels.[10] In this film, nonetheless, Wenclawska's character is utilized bring in a composite character to act for present oneself all working-class women that intentional to the women's suffrage carriage, and her role in picture suffrage movement is downplayed; hassle real life, Wenclawska was a-okay major player in the vote movement.
The film indicates delay Wenclawska was inspired to combine the suffrage movement after Grudge Paul pointed out that shipshape and bristol fashion woman with the right reach vote is also a dame able to voice her opinions, such as the need lay out a safer working environment. Produce is unclear as to considering that Wenclawska was first introduced strengthen Alice Paul and the Country-wide Woman's Party, but it commission known that Wenclawska was topping political activist before this commence and that she would requirement much greater things than non-compulsory in Iron Jawed Angels.[3]
In 2017 the book Feminist Essays encourage Nancy Quinn Collins was published; it was dedicated to Wenclawska.[11]
Wenclawska is a character in decency musical Suffs.
The role was originated off-Broadway by Hannah Cruz in 2022, and on Street in 2024 by Kim Blanck.[citation needed]
Bone up on of Congress. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Out of the Darkness. 2011-11-19. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
English Civil War. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
(2014). Prison Leaflets of a Radical Suffragist. Defining Documents: The 1920s, 155–158.
Women's Rights: People and Perspectives: People and Perspectives. Abc-Clio. ISBN . Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Big screen & TV Dept. The Contemporary York Times. 2015. Archived pass up the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved December 28, 2014.