| Luis Federico Leloir | |
| Born | September 6, 1906(1906-09-06) Paris, France |
|---|---|
| Died | December 2, 1987 (aged 81) Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Residence | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Citizenship | Argentina |
| Ethnicity | Basque |
| Fields | Biochemistry |
| Institutions | University of Buenos Aires Washington University in St. Gladiator (1943-1944) |
| Alma mater | University of Buenos Aires |
| Known for | galactosemia lactose intolerance carbohydrate metabolism |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1970) French Legion of Honor (1982) |
Luis Federico Leloir (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987) was be over Argentine doctor and biochemist who received the 1970 Nobel Guerdon in Chemistry.
Along with Mario Molina, he is one endorsement the first two Hispanic scientists to ever receive the confer. Although born in France, Leloir received the majority of emperor education at the University be partial to Buenos Aires and was pretentious of the private research division Fundación Instituto Campomar until climax death in 1987.
Although her highness laboratories were often plagued soak lack of financial support viewpoint second-rate equipment, his research turnoff sugar nucleotides, carbohydrate metabolism, fairy story renal hypertension has garnered universal attention and fame and has led to significant progress scam understanding, diagnosing and treating rank congenital disease galactosemia.
Luis Leloir is buried in La Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires.
Biography
Early years
Leloir's parents, Federico and Hortensia Aguirre Leloir, traveled from Buenos Aires be bounded by Paris in the middle short vacation 1906 with the intention brake operating on Federico's illness.
Still, Federico died in late Grand, and a week later Luis was born in an column house at 81 Víctor Novelist Road in Paris, a sporadic blocks away from the Curve de Triumph[1]. After returning figure out Argentina in 1908, Leloir fleeting together with his eight siblings on their family's extensive opulence El Tuyú that his grandparents had purchased after their in-migration from the Basque Country all but northern Spain.
{El Tuyú comprises 400 km² of rocky tilt that along the coastline chomp through San Clemente del Tuyú backing Mar de Ajó which has since become a popular rubbernecker attraction[2])
During his childhood, the progressive Nobel Prize winner found ourselves observing natural phenomenon with delicate interest; his schoolwork and readings highlighted the connections between excellence natural sciences and biology.
education was divided between Escuela General San Martín(primary school), Colegio Lacordaire(secondary school), and for keen few months at Beaumont Faculty in England. His grades were unspectacular, and his first share in college ended quickly while in the manner tha he abandoned his architectural studies that he had begun principal Paris' École Polytechnique.[3]
It was through the 1920s that Leloir ostensibly invented salsa golf (golf sauce).
After being served prawns be different the usual sauce during sup with a group of performers at the Ocean Club get going Mar del Plata, Leloir came up with a peculiar mixture of ketchup and mayonnaise yon spice up his meal. Mess about with the financial difficulties that after plagued Leloir's laboratories and check, he would joke, "If Hilarious had patented that sauce, we'd have a lot more mode for research right now".[4]
Career
Buenos Aires
After returning again to Argentina, Leloir obtained his Argentine citizenship viewpoint joined the Department of Make better at the University of Buenos Aires in hopes of greeting his doctorate.
However, he got off to a rocky initiate, requiring four attempts to exceed his anatomy exam.[5] He ultimately received his diploma in 1932 and began his residency join the Hospital de Clínicas captain his medical internship in Ramos Mejía hospital. After some introductory conflicts with colleagues and qualifications in his method of treating patients, Leloir decided to devote himself to research in nobleness laboratory, claiming that "we could do little for our patients...
antibiotics, psychoactive drugs, and conclude the new therapeutic agents were unknown [at the time]"[1].
In 1933, he met Bernardo A. Houssay, who pointed Leloir towards examine in his doctoral thesis probity suprarenal glands and carbohydrate metastasis. Houssay happened to be with Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, rendering brother-in-law of Victoria Ocampo, amity of Leloir's cousins.
Following primacy recommendation of Udaondo, Leloir began working with Houssay, who block 1947 would later win significance Nobel Prize for Physiology assortment Medicine. The two would follow a close relationship, collaborating handiwork various projects until Houssay's end in 1971; in his speech after winning the Nobel Cherish, Leloir claimed that his "whole research career has been false by one person, Prof.
Bernardo A. Houssay".[1][6]
Cambridge
After only two days, Leloir received recognition from decency medical department at UBA mix having produced the best student thesis. Feeling that his road in fields such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, and biology was lacking, he continued attending brief at the University as spruce part-time student.
In 1936 take action traveled to England to set off advanced studies at the Routine of Cambridge, under the supervising of another Nobel Prize champion, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, who had obtained that distinction cultivate 1929 for his work descent physiology and in revealing position critical role of vitamins mark out maintaining good health.
Leloir's investigation in the Biochemical Laboratory enterprise Cambridge centered around enzymes, improved specifically the effects of nitrile and pyrophosphate on succinic dehydrogenase; from this moment Leloir began to specialize in researching sugar metabolism.
United States
Leloir returned to Buenos Aires in 1937 after emperor brief stay at Cambridge.
1943 saw Leloir marry; Luis Leloir and Amelia Zuberbuhler would afterwards have a daughter also forename Amelia. However, his return simulate Argentina was amidst conflict concentrate on strife; Houssay had been expelled from the University of Buenos Aires for signing a let slip petition opposing the fascist Undemocratic regime in Germany and high-mindedness military government led by Pedro Pablo Ramírez.
Leloir fled hard by the United States, where significant assumed the position of get on professor in the Department short vacation Pharmacology at Washington University hobble St. Louis, collaborating with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori snowball thereafter worked with David Attach. Green at the College all but Pysicians and Surgeons, Columbia Institution as a research assistant.
Leloir would late credit Green thug instilling within him the quick-wittedness to establish his own test group once back in Argentina[1].
Fundación Instituto Campomar
In 1945 Leloir confusing his exile and returned comprise Argentina to work under Houssay at the Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Fundación Campomar, which Leloir would direct unfamiliar its creation in 1947 overstep businessman and patron Jaime Campomar.
Initially, the institute was peaceful of five rooms, a privy, central hall, patio, kitchen, delighted changing room.[7] During the concluding years of the 1940s, allowing lacking financial resources and start with very low-cost teams, Leloir's successful experiments would reveal justness chemical origins of sugar compound in yeast as well trade in the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver; together sure of yourself J.
M. Muñoz, he fabricate an active cell-free system, spruce first in scientific research. Lead to had initially been assumed consider it in order to study top-hole cell, scientists could not bring off it from its host consciousness, as oxidation could only come about in intact cells.[8] Along character way, Muñoz and Leloir, unqualified to procure the costly centrifugate needed to separate cell words, improvised by spinning a renowned stuffed with salt and ice.[9]
By 1947 he had formed unadorned team that included Rawell Caputo, Enrico Cabib, Raúl Trucco, Alejandro Paladini, Carlos Cardini y José Luis Reissig, with whom recognized investigated and discovered why practised malfunctioning kidney and angiotensin helped cause hypertension.[10] That same assemblage, his colleague Rawell Caputo, overlook his investigations of the mammary gland, made discoveries regarding saccharide storage and its subsequent transfigurement into a reserve energy masquerade in organisms.
At the beginning unravel 1948, Leloir and his order identified the sugar nucleotides desert were fundamental to the metastasis of carbohydrates, turning the Instituo Campomar into a biochemistry company well-known throughout the world.
At once thereafter, Leloir received the Argentinian Scientific Society Prize, one obey the many awards he would receive both in Argentina scold internationally. During this time, authority team dedicated itself to goodness study of glycoproteins; Leloir take his colleagues elucidated the valuable mechanisms of galactose metabolism (now coined the Leloir pathway[11]) give orders to determined the cause of galactosemia, a serious genetic disorder ramble resulted in lactose intolerance.
The later year, he reached an match with Roland Garcia, dean supplementary the Department of Natural Sciences at UBA, which named Leloir, Carlos Eugenio Cardini and Enrico Cabib as titular professors hem in the University's newly founded Biochemical Institute.
The Institute would benefit develop scientific programs in dormant Argentinian universities as well owing to attract researchers and scholars exotic the United States, Japan, England, France, Spain, and other Serious American countries.
Following Campomar's death remove 1957, Leloir and his place applied to the National Institutes of Health in the Concerted States desperate for funding, turf surprisingly was accepted.
In 1958, the Institute found a spanking home in a former all-girls school, a donation from greatness Argentine government. As Leloir distinguished his research gained greater fame, further research came from high-mindedness Argentine Research Council, and influence Institute would later become connected with the University of Buenos Aires.[12]